Effect of letrozole 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg for ovulation induction in intrauterine insemination in case of unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Aim was to compare effects of letrozole 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg for ovulation induction in patients with unexplained Infertility. Methods: A randomized controlled trial. 60 patients attending infertility clinic were randomly allocated into two groups-Group A received letrozole 2.5 mg and Group B received letrozole 5 mg orally for 5 days from 3rd day of cycle. The patients also received inj FSH 75 IU i/m on day 7 and 9 of the cycle and underwent follicular study on day 11, 13, 15. When the dominant follicle size reached 18 mm ovulation triggered with Inj hCG 5000 IU IM and Intrauterine insemination was done 24-36 hours later. Pregnancy rates were calculated. Results were analysed by statistical software. Results: Better ovulation rates were seen in patients receiving 5 mg letrozole. No difference in the pregnancy rates was found between the two groups. No multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation seen. Conclusions: It appears that 5 mg daily for 5 days is a preferable letrozole dose for superovulation

Botulinum toxin: a boon or bane in dentistry

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin which is produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. It is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria which is commonly found in soil, on plants, in water and in the intestinal tracts of animals. All the serotypes of botulinum toxin interfere with neural transmission by blocking the release of acetylcholine. The use of botulinum toxins has revolutionised the treatment of various ophthalmic spastic disorders, Orofacial pain conditions, facial dystonia and periocular wrinkles. A precise knowledge and understanding of the functional anatomy of the mimetic muscles is absolutely necessary to correctly use botulinum toxins in clinical practice. This article is an effort to understand Botulinum toxin and its applications in head and neck

Humans in 4D: Reconstructing and Tracking Humans with Transformers

We present an approach to reconstruct humans and track them over time. At the core of our approach, we propose a fully "transformerized" version of a network for human mesh recovery. This network, HMR 2.0, advances the state of the art and shows the capability to analyze unusual poses that have in the past been difficult to reconstruct from single images. To analyze video, we use 3D reconstructions from HMR 2.0 as input to a tracking system that operates in 3D. This enables us to deal with multiple people and maintain identities through occlusion events. Our complete approach, 4DHumans, achieves state-of-the-art results for tracking people from monocular video. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of HMR 2.0 on the downstream task of action recognition, achieving significant improvements over previous pose-based action recognition approaches. Our code and models are available on the project website: https://shubham-goel.github.io/4dhumans/.Comment: Project Webpage: https://shubham-goel.github.io/4dhumans

UROPATHOGENS: ISOLATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN

Objective: To find the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens. Methods: A total of 100 urine samples of clinically suspected urinary tract infection were collected from May 2016 to July 2016. The samples were inoculated on cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Results: A total of 77 (77%) samples were positive showing microbial growth. Among all isolates, Escherichia coli was 36.36%, followed by Klebsiella spp. (35.06%), Citrobacter spp. (6.49%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.49%), Pseudomonas spp. (5.19%), Enterococcus faecalis (3.90%), and Acinetobacter spp. (1.30%). For Gram-positive isolates, the most effective antibiotic was nitrofurantoin followed by sulphafurazole. For Gram-negative isolates, the most effective antibiotic was nitrofurantoin followed by gentamicin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Conclusion: In this study, nitrofurantoin was the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive and Gram-negative uropathogen

Comparative evaluation of autologous platelet rich plasma and triamcinolone acetonide injection in the management of erosive lichen planus and oral submucous fibrosis: a clinical study

Background: It is need of an hour to establish an effective and efficient treatment modality for OLP and OSMF with lesser or no adverse effects. Platelet rich plasma can be used in mucosal lesions as it has a high concentration of various growth factors and anti-inflammatory properties. It could be a better novel substitute to the corticosteroid without any side effects. The present study is an effort to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intralesional injection of PRP in oral erosive lichen planus and OSMF compared to intralesional corticosteroids in the same patient. Methods: It was a randomized controlled clinical study consisting of 40 patients between the age groups of 18-60 years visiting dental OPD diagnosed clinically with either erosive lichen planus or OSMF. Triamcinolone 40 mg(1mg/ml) mixed with 2% (1:80,000) lignocaine hydrochloride was injected into the lesion on one side in case of erosive lichen planus and into the submucosal plane and fibrous bands in case of OSMF patients. Autologous PRP was prepared and injected on the other side in same patients. At every visit, all the patients were evaluated for pain and burning sensations, size, and severity of the lesion, and interincisal mouth opening (mm). The parameters were measured and recorded during the patient’s every visit. All the results were obtained and statically analyzed. Results: Intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide and PRP are effective in reducing pain and burning sensation in OSMF, but PRP is less effective in improving cheek flexibility as compared to triamcinolone acetonide. In OLP, both triamcinolone acetonide and PRP are almost equally effective in reducing the size of the lesion. However, PRP shows slightly better results in reducing the severity of the lesion and in pain and burning sensation in the patients of OLP as compared to intralesional triamcinolone acetonide. Conclusions: Thus, PRP is an effective modality in treating both OSMF and oral erosive lichen planus with no adverse effects

CONTROL-CORE: A Framework for Simulation and Design of Closed-Loop Peripheral Neuromodulation Control Systems

Closed-loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) based on physiological feedback signals is a promising approach to regulate organ functions and develop therapeutic devices. Designing closed-loop neurostimulation systems requires simulation environments and computing infrastructures that support i) modeling the physiological responses of organs under neuromodulation, also known as physiological models, and ii) the interaction between the physiological models and the neuromodulation control algorithms. However, existing simulation platforms do not support closed-loop VNS control systems modeling without extensive rewriting of computer code and manual deployment and configuration of programs. The CONTROL-CORE project aims to develop a flexible software platform for designing and implementing closed-loop VNS systems. This paper proposes the software architecture and the elements of the CONTROL-CORE platform that allow the interaction between a controller and a physiological model in feedback. CONTROL-CORE facilitates modular simulation and deployment of closed-loop peripheral neuromodulation control systems, spanning multiple organizations securely and concurrently. CONTROL-CORE allows simulations to run on different operating systems, be developed in various programming languages (such as Matlab, Python, C++, and Verilog), and be run locally, in containers, and in a distributed fashion. The CONTROL-CORE platform allows users to create tools and testbenches to facilitate sophisticated simulation experiments. We tested the CONTROL-CORE platform in the context of closed-loop control of cardiac physiological models, including pulsatile and nonpulsatile rat models. These were tested using various controllers such as Model Predictive Control and Long-Short-Term Memory based controllers. Our wide range of use cases and evaluations show the performance, flexibility, and usability of the CONTROL-CORE platform